The costs and benefits of green buildings |
green building construction and the environment from the material and energy flows between the disorder and imbalance, and also affected by social and economic impact of individual effort is a combined force of green building options. Social, economic, environmental green building development is the foundation, but also green building development constraints, including cognitive barriers, obstacles to the system, production capacity, technical barriers, the limited resources available, limited ecological bear. Therefore, the development of green buildings need comprehensive consideration.
economic factors green building development is the inner motivation. Economics used to explain the human costs and benefits of economic activities, costs and benefits of green building feasibility is the basis for green buildings need to consider the social, economic, environmental costs and benefits. For example, energy-efficient green buildings, the need to increase certain external heat preservation layer thickness will bring certain economic costs (increase costs 3%~7%), but overall consideration, the benefits outweighed the cost of construction or energy.
in green construction market, the existence of consumer, development agencies, design agencies, building institutions, and other aspects of interest. Developers of green buildings designed to bring more green building profits. Consumers choose green building because it can bring better living conditions, thereby improving the quality of life and work efficiency. Green building design architect is green construction techniques resulting from the innovative design of the new market. Green building is urban, regional environmental health, green employment opportunities arising from the construction industry. Governments need to integrate the interests of all economic entities, forming a "joint force" in order to promote green building development.
green building is ultimately resolved in the market, while the need to comply with the laws of market economy with its own specificity, from the green space impact of the construction on the environment, green building will be subject to external effects; Green time from the environmental impact of construction, green buildings have been time effects; green construction costs from the technical point of view, the law of diminishing returns green buildings have been affected.
externalities prevailing in green construction, green buildings because posed splendid environment, the economic costs to be paid. Beautiful environment (receipts) for people to share and the cost would require consumers themselves, which is the external effects of green buildings. For example, the Beijing Huilongguan of housing plots to energy conservation and take household heating manner, but as residential occupancy rate lower winter heating period as a result of neighbors no heating, room adjacent room temperature low, a lot of heat through the pipe wall and household consumption fell away, some users a winter heating costs as much as 8,000 yuan. This is due to external effects caused heating costs are too high.
green building construction in time of concern in the "whole life cycle" (My provisions for the construction of the 50-year life expectancy to 70 years) impact on the environment, and therefore distant future environmental damage occurred as a result of cost savings and time preferences were becoming less important.
due to the presence of external effects, time effects, costs and benefits are, from our own interests in the market economy may not be the main choice of green building, or used to promote green building policies and regulations -- mandatory means, or in need of financial incentive. and the community is the economic incentive to bear part of the economic costs of green construction. For example, the German solar heating projects -- located in Hamburg Bailamu floor ecological village, spent 600 million marks, of which 400 million for the construction of collector, reservoirs and hot pipe network, the federal government assumed the cost of three million, Hamburg city government assumed 100 million marks. To encourage the use of solar energy, the German government to allow access to the city grid solar power generation by one unit of electricity prices 1 Mark acquisitions.
British Beidingdu zero energy development projects through the recycling of construction materials or renewable, and efficient building heat preservation performance, solar, wind use, and enhance the efficiency of energy systems such measures during the construction phase to the construction phase and the use of zero energy. Because of its environmentally friendly, as well as residential projects in the innovation, financing, the Worldwide Fund for Nature, Sutton municipalities to lower premium for the encouragement, coupled with awareness of green building recognition, making developers and tenants receipts have been increased to achieve the win-win main market economy.
diminishing returns in other legal means conditions unchanged, the increase in output is not proportional to enable increased, but reduced. Green building needs technical support, will bring the cost of technology, which has a cost of inputs, the number of green construction inputs, input in trouble, it must be done in accordance with China's national conditions, can maximize efficiency, appropriate technology diminishing returns to the legal role of green construction inevitable choice.
Wuhan Castle Peak Green Jingyuan an integrated energy-efficient technologies, the incremental costs little, but increased the comfort of living, reduced energy consumption, a 120m2 ordinary residential 4~6 could recover investment costs. The whole model works on the construction cost per square metre impact 300 yuan, 2,200 yuan higher, fold it, and around 1,800 yuan to have blank Housing ~2000 million, and Green Jingyuan is solar energy, intelligence, the whole renovation, the house of high quality and value for money people think. Tsinghua University Architecture Professor Yuan fine steel |
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