To fully understand China's biodiversity threatened situation, improve the scientific and effective, biodiversity conservation in 2008, the ecological environment department (formerly the Ministry of environmental protection) combined with China academy launched the "preparation of Chinese biodiversity Red List", and in September 2013, May 2015 has issued "China biodiversity the red list of higher plant volume" "Chinese biodiversity Red List - vertebrate volume". In May 22, 2018, the twenty-fifth "International Biodiversity Day" special promotional activities on the ecological environment, Ministry of CAS issued "Chinese biodiversity Red List - Macrofungus volume".

"Red List" Chinese biodiversity assessment work is a huge systematic project, which lasted ten years, the national survey of more than 600 experts on China's known higher plants and vertebrates (except marine fish) and large fungi threatened status was evaluated, is by far the largest number of species of global assessment group, the most wide range, the widest coverage, most of the evaluation of the whole, the number of experts involved in the information. The main results are as follows:

First, improve the species information in china. Statistical evaluation of 34450 kinds (including subspecies) of higher plants, 4357 species of vertebrates and 9302 species of macrofungi, perfect the higher plant species Chinese list, determine the vertebrate species richness China in the world ranking, sorting, checking and correction of China's 14511 large known fungal species name, confirmed 9302 species.

Second, to complement the IUCN red list assessment standard system. According to the biological characteristics of different organisms, improve the evaluation standard, to solve the problem of emergence of reptiles, amphibians and fish in inland endangered grading, fill the blank of large red list assessment standard of fungi, contribute Chinese wisdom for the assessment of International Red List work.

Third, the higher plants, vertebrates and fungi China threatened status of classified assessment. The evaluation results showed that 34450 species of higher plants in our country, the extinction of 27 species, 10 species extinct in the wild, the extinction of 15 critically endangered areas, 583 species, 1297 endangered, 1887 vulnerable species, 2723 near threatened species, no danger 24296, lack of data 3612. Threatened species (critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable species) a total of 3767, accounting for about 10.9% of the total plant.

4357 kinds of vertebrates, the extinction of 4 species, 3 species of wild extinct, extinct 10, the region 185, 288 kinds of endangered, vulnerable and 459 near threatened 598, no danger, the lack of data of 941 1869. A total of 932 species of threatened vertebrates, accounting for 21.4% of the total number of species was evaluated.

9302 kinds of fungi, suspected extinct 1 species, 9 species, 25 critically endangered species, 62 vulnerable, near threatened 101, no danger, 2764 kinds of data are less than 6340. The threatened Macrofungi in 97, accounting for 1.04% of the total species assessment.

Fourth, the assessment of the biodiversity in China threatened. The main factors of endangered higher plants is the loss or degradation of habitat, the impact of agriculture development of the biggest. The main reason of the endangered vertebrate species is human induced habitat loss and degradation and excessive use, illegal trade is rare and endangered vertebrates. Changes in the global environment, the construction of a hydropower station and water conservancy facilities, water and soil pollution affect birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish living inland. The main threats to edible medicinal macrofungi over excavation and exploitation, and bad digging mode. The main factors threatening the lichen is environmental pollution and habitat degradation.

China attaches great importance to the protection of biological diversity, and increase the intensity of work. The red list assessment results show that the crested ibis, Tibetan antelope, Cycas debaoensis and a number of national key protected species and endangered species are well protected wild populations have been restored, the threat level decreased. But at the same time, due to excessive use of resources, environmental pollution, habitat destruction and other factors, there are some endangered species is increasing, threatened level rise. Such as the Yangtze finless porpoise has drastically reduced by up to critically endangered, Java for the collection of bird's nest no danger as critically endangered by the rise, shad because of overfishing, rising by critically endangered.

"Red List" China biodiversity release and provide scientific basis for the formulation of biodiversity protection policy and planning, to provide the data base for the development of biodiversity research, and create the necessary conditions for public participation in the protection of biological diversity, is implementing the "Chinese biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan (2011-2030 years)" and "perform specific actions" Convention on biological diversity, will have a profound impact on the biodiversity conservation and management.